Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with time spent sitting in military police.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between clinical and sociodemographic factors and time spent sitting in military police. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, with 432 military police officers from Eastern Regional Policing Command units of the Military Police of Bahia de Feira de Santana. Data collection took place from August to December 2022 through Google Forms using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: Men predominated (82.35%), race/color was black (87.04%), the head of the family had completed higher education (47.69%) and police officers with a partner (81.94%). The risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day was lower in males (IRR < 1). Increasing age was associated with a lower risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day (IRR < 1). CONCLUSION: Male police officers with more years of experience were less exposed to sedentary behavior. Specific interventions and health policies aimed at combating sedentary behavior become relevant, aiming to promote health and prevent diseases.

Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with time spent sitting in military police / Factores clínicos y sociodemográficos asociados al tiempo de permanencia en la policía militar / Fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos associados ao tempo gasto sentado em policiais militares

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between clinical and sociodemographic factors and time spent sitting in military police. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, with 432 military police officers from Eastern Regional Policing Command units of the Military Police of Bahia de Feira de Santana. Data collection took place from August to December 2022 through Google Forms using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Men predominated (82.35%), race/color was black (87.04%), the head of the family had completed higher education (47.69%) and police officers with a partner (81.94%). The risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day was lower in males (IRR < 1). Increasing age was associated with a lower risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day (IRR < 1). Conclusion: Male police officers with more years of experience were less exposed to sedentary behavior. Specific interventions and health policies aimed at combating sedentary behavior become relevant, aiming to promote health and prevent diseases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre factores clínicos y sociodemográficos y el tiempo de permanencia en la policía militar. Método: Estudio transversal, con 432 policías militares de unidades del Comando de Policía Regional Este de la Policía Militar de Bahía de Feira de Santana. La recolección de datos se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2022 a través de Google Forms utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (82,35%), la raza/color fue negra (87,04%), el jefe de familia tenía estudios superiores (47,69%) y los policías con pareja (81,94%). El riesgo de pasar tiempo sentado ≥ 180 minutos por día fue menor en los hombres (IRR < 1). El aumento de la edad se asoció con un menor riesgo de pasar tiempo sentado ≥ 180 minutos por día (IRR < 1). Conclusión: Los policías varones con más años de experiencia estuvieron menos expuestos al comportamiento sedentario. Cobran relevancia intervenciones y políticas de salud específicas dirigidas a combatir el sedentarismo, con el objetivo de promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos e o tempo gasto sentado em policiais militares. Método: Estudo transversal, com 432 policiais militares das unidades do Comando de Policiamento Regional Leste da Polícia Militar da Bahia de Feira de Santana. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a dezembro de 2022 através do Google Forms constando o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados: Predominaram homens (82,35%), raça/cor negra (87,04%), nível de escolaridade do chefe da família superior completo (47,69%) e policiais com companheiro(a) (81,94%). O risco do tempo gasto sentado ≥ 180 minutos por dia foi menor no sexo masculino (IRR < 1). O aumento da idade foi associado a menor risco de tempo gasto sentado ≥ 180 minutos por dia (IRR < 1). Conclusão: Policiais do sexo masculino e com mais anos de vida estavam menos expostos ao comportamento sedentário. Intervenções específicas e políticas de saúde voltadas ao combate do comportamento sedentário se tornam relevantes, visando à promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos.

Avaliação do conhecimento sobre a asma em servidores técnico-administrativos de uma universidade pública / Evaluación del conocimiento sobre el asma en servidores técnico-administrativos de una universidad pública / Evaluation of knowledge about asthma in technical-administrative public workers of a public university

Objetivo: estimar o nível de conhecimento sobre asma de servidores técnico-administrativos do curso de graduação e pós-graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública em Salvador, Bahia. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 18 servidores técnico-administrativos de uma universidade pública. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante envio de e-mail com links do formulário no Google Forms, entre janeiro e maio de 2021. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva com uso do software SPSS, 28.0. Resultados: encontrou-se predominância do sexo feminino 77,8% (n=14), média de idade 42,11±10,98 anos. Verificou-se que 55,6% (n=10) da amostra apresentou conhecimento insatisfatório sobre asma na análise por domínio e pela média de acertos (X±DP=22,6±7,5 acertos). O tratamento da asma foi a temática mais desconhecida pela amostra (X±DP=2,77±1,73 acertos). Conclusão: o nível de conhecimento sobre asma dos servidores técnico-administrativos foi insatisfatório na maioria da amostra investigada.

Objetivo: estimar el nivel de conocimiento sobre asma de servidores técnico-administrativos del curso de graduación y posgrado en Enfermería de una universidad pública en Salvador, Bahía. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con 18 servidores técnico-administrativos de una universidad pública. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante el envío de correos electrónicos con links del formulario en Google Forms, entre enero y mayo de 2021. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva con uso del software SPSS, 28.0. Resultados: se encontró predominancia del sexo femenino 77,8% (n=14), media de edad 42,11±10,98 años. Se verificó que 55,6% (n=10) de la muestra presentó conocimiento insatisfactorio sobre asma en el análisis por dominio y por la media de aciertos (X±DE=22,6±7,5 aciertos). El tratamiento del asma fue la temática más desconocida por la muestra (X±DE=2,77±1,73 aciertos). Consideraciones finales: el nivel de conocimiento sobre asma de los servidores técnico-administrativos fue insatisfactorio en la mayoría de la muestra investigada.

Objective: to estimate the level of knowledge about asthma of technical-administrative public workers of graduate and postgraduate nursing courses of a public university in Salvador, Bahia. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted with 18 technical-administrative public workers of a public university. Data collection was performed by sending an email with links to the form in Google Forms, between January and May 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS software, 28.0. Results: predominance of women, 77.8% (n=14), mean age 42.11±10.98 years. 55.6% (n=10) of the sample presented unsatisfactory knowledge about asthma in the analysis by domain and by the average of correct answers (X±SD=22.6±7.5 correct answers). Asthma treatment was the most unknown theme in the sample (X±SD=2.77±1.73 correct answers). Final considerations: the level of knowledge about asthma of technical-administrative workers was unsatisfactory in the majority of the sample investigated.

Association between Asthma and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Impact on Asthma Control-A Literature Review.

The study aimed to analyze the scientific production on the association between asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults, the mechanisms that explain this association, and its impact on asthma control. A literature review of scientific articles indexed in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, BVS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was carried out, considering publications from January 2009 to December 2019, using the following descriptors: "asthma", "type 2 diabetes", "adult," and "association". Of 962 articles found, 18 were included because they met the eligibility criteria. It is suggested that the association between asthma and T2DM is caused by low-grade systemic inflammation (7 articles) or the use of corticosteroids (7 articles). It is noticed that there is a limited scientific production regarding the consequences of this association for the control of asthma (5 articles). It is concluded that asthma and T2DM are two common chronic conditions of increasing prevalence and that often coexist in the same patient. It is suggested that this coexistence worsens asthma control. Therefore, the study may support public policies and clinical health practices that value the approach of comorbidities associated with asthma such as T2DM, in order to minimize additional health risks and reduce the quality of life.

Fatores que interferem na inatividade física total em mulheres com excesso de peso / Factors that interfere with total physical inactivity in overweight women

Objetivo investigar as variáveis que interferem na inatividade física total em mulheres com excesso de peso. Métodos pesquisa transversal que realizou levantamento de dados sociodemográficos, autopercepção de saúde, autoeficácia para atividade física, peso e altura em 142 mulheres. O International Physical Activity Questionnaire foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade física. Empregou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Adotou-se significância estatística de 5%. Resultados a prevalência de inatividade física total foi 34,5%. Constatou-se associação significante entre inatividade física total e idade na análise bivariada. Na análise multivariada apenas mulheres com autopercepção de saúde regular e ruim apresentaram aumento de 124 e 150%, respectivamente, da inatividade física total. Conclusão a inatividade física associou-se à autopercepção de saúde regular e ruim, sendo um parâmetro de saúde para a elaboração de políticas e ações de promoção à saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective to investigate the variables that interfere with total physical inactivity in overweight women. Methods cross-sectional research that collected sociodemographic data, self-perceived health, self-efficacy for physical activity, weight, and height in 142 women. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A 5% statistical significance level was adopted. Results the prevalence of total physical inactivity was 34.5%. A significant association between total physical inactivity and age was found in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only women with regular and poor self-perceived health showed an increase of 124% and 150%, respectively, of total physical inactivity. Conclusion physical inactivity was associated with regular and poor self-perception of health, being a health parameter for the development of health promotion policies and actions.

Job insecurity among nurses, nursing technicians and nursing aides in public hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the contribution of all the dimensions involved in job insecurity among nursing professionals in Brazilian state public hospitals. METHOD: This was a quantitative descriptive study conducted between March 2015 and February 2016, with nurses, nursing technicians and nursing aides. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 265 nurses (n=161 with job security and n=104 outsourced) and 810 nursing technicians and nursing aides (n=597 with job security and n=213 outsourced). Among the nurses, "Working conditions" accounted for 46.8% of their job insecurity. Among nursing technicians and nursing aides "intensity of work due to work process organization" best explained the construct of job insecurity (51.2%). CONCLUSION: Job insecurity is expressed differently depending on the type of nursing professional. The difference in the distribution of the dimensions showed that job insecurity is related to the hierarchical position of each nursing professional in the technical division of nursing work and the role of each professional in the work process.

Custo-efetividade da telemedicina no acompanhamento de asmáticos: revisão sistemática / Costo-beneficio de la telemedicina en el acompañamiento de asmáticos: revisión sistemática / Cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in the follow-up of asthmatics: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre o custo-efetividade da telemedicina no acompanhamento de asmáticos. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS e Central Cochrane. Consideraram-se artigos publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, no período de 2005 a 2018, de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 1363 artigos, dos quais 59 foram lidos na íntegra. Apenas cinco atenderam os critérios de elegibilidade, todos foram realizados em países europeus e somaram 2497 participantes. As intervenções foram realizadas por enfermeiras (4 de 5 estudos), permanecendo de 16 semanas a 12 meses. Custos com telemedicina foram semelhantes ou ligeiramente menores em comparação aos tratamentos usuais. A telemedicina apresentou efeito benéfico no controle da asma (1 de 5 estudos), qualidade de vida (3 de 5 estudos) e hospitalizações (1 de 5 estudos). CONCLUSÃO: A telemedicina reduz ligeiramente os custos com manejo da asma e pode ter impacto em indicadores de morbidade.

OBJETIVO: revisar sistemáticamente la literatura sobre el costo-beneficio de la telemedicina en el acompañamiento de asmáticos. MÉTODO: Revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS y Central Cochrane. Se consideraron los artículos publicados en inglés, portugués o español, en el período de 2005 a 2018, de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificados 1363 artículos, y de ellos, 59 fueron leídos en la íntegra. Solamente cinco atendieron a los criterios de elegibilidad, todos fueron realizados en países europeos y sumaron 2497 participantes. Las intervenciones fueron realizadas por enfermeras (4 de 5 estudios), permaneciendo de 16 semanas a 12 meses. Los costos con telemedicina fueron semejantes o ligeramente menores comparados a los tratamientos usuales. La telemedicina presentó efecto benéfico en el control del asma (1 de 5 estudios), calidad de vida (3 de 5 estudios) y hospitalizaciones (1 de 5 estudios). CONCLUSIÓN: La telemedicina reduce ligeramente los costos con el asma y puede tener impacto en indicadores de morbididad.

AIM: systematic review of the literature on the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in the follow-up of asthmatics. METHOD: Systematic review of the PUBMED / MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane Central databases. Articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish were considered in the period from 2005 to 2018 according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 1363 articles were identified, of which 59 were read in their entirety. Only five met the eligibility criteria, and all were made in European countries and totaled 2,497 participants. The interventions were performed by nurses (4 of 5 studies), remaining from 16 weeks to 12 months. Telemedicine costs were similar or slightly lower compared to usual treatments. Telemedicine had a beneficial effect on asthma control (1 of 5 studies), quality of life (3 out of 5 studies) and hospitalizations (1 of 5 studies). CONCLUSION: Telemedicine slightly reduces costs with asthma management and may have an impact on morbidity indicators

Job insecurity among nurses, nursing technicians and nursing aides in public hospitals / Precarización del trabajo de enfermeras, técnicas y auxiliares de enfermería en los hospitales públicos / Precarização do trabalho de enfermeiras, técnicas e auxiliares de Enfermagem nos hospitais públicos

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the contribution of all the dimensions involved in job insecurity among nursing professionals in Brazilian state public hospitals. Method: This was a quantitative descriptive study conducted between March 2015 and February 2016, with nurses, nursing technicians and nursing aides. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 265 nurses (n=161 with job security and n=104 outsourced) and 810 nursing technicians and nursing aides (n=597 with job security and n=213 outsourced). Among the nurses, "Working conditions" accounted for 46.8% of their job insecurity. Among nursing technicians and nursing aides "intensity of work due to work process organization" best explained the construct of job insecurity (51.2%). Conclusion: Job insecurity is expressed differently depending on the type of nursing professional. The difference in the distribution of the dimensions showed that job insecurity is related to the hierarchical position of each nursing professional in the technical division of nursing work and the role of each professional in the work process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de las dimensiones que componen la precarización laboral en Enfermería en los hospitales públicos estaduales. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, realizado entre marzo de 2015 y febrero de 2016, con enfermeras, técnicas y auxiliares de enfermería. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Resultados: La muestra se constituyó de 265 enfermeras (n=161 empleadas estatutarias y n=104 tercerizadas) y 810 técnicas y auxiliares de Enfermería (n=597 empleadas estatutarias y n=213 tercerizadas). Para las enfermeras, la dimensión Condiciones laborales contribuyó en el 46,8% para la explicación de la precarización. Entre las técnicas y auxiliares, la Intensidad laboral por la organización de su proceso fue la dimensión que más explicó el constructo precarización (51,2%). Conclusión: La precarización laboral se expresa de forma distinta entre las trabajadoras. La diferencia en la distribución de las dimensiones demostró que la precarización guarda relación con la posición jerárquica de cada trabajadora en la división técnica del trabajo en Enfermería y con el lugar ocupado en el proceso laboral.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a contribuição das dimensões que compõem a precarização do trabalho em Enfermagem nos hospitais públicos estaduais. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado entre março de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016, com enfermeiras, técnicas e auxiliares de. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 265 enfermeiras (n=161 estatutárias e n=104 terceirizadas) e 810 técnicas e auxiliares de Enfermagem (n=597 estatutárias e n=213 terceirizadas). Para as enfermeiras, a dimensão Condições de trabalho contribuiu com 46,8% para a explicação da precarização. Entre as técnicas e auxiliares, a Intensidade do trabalho pela organização do seu processo foi a dimensão que mais explicou o constructo precarização (51,2%). Conclusão: A precarização do trabalho se expressa de forma distinta entre as trabalhadoras. A diferença na distribuição das dimensões demonstrou que a precarização guarda relação com a posição hierárquica de cada trabalhadora na divisão técnica do trabalho em Enfermagem e com o lugar ocupado no processo de trabalho.

School intervention in asthma for adolescents: it is time to act.

Asthma is a public health problem that is responsible for significant symptomatology and in extreme cases, premature deaths among adolescents. Lack of knowledge of the disease contributes to both its morbidity and mortality. In this manuscript, we discuss school interventions in asthma, in particular their impacts on improving knowledge of the disease and their ability to both make the school environment safer and reduce morbidity indicators. These interventions have been successful when implemented in higher income countries. Thus, to address the lack of interventions in low and middle income countries, we present an example of an alternative asthma intervention in the school curriculum developed in South America. The model has been proven to be both feasible and relatively inexpensive. It is easily structured by utilizing the staff of the school itself and is capable of being adapted to other countries.

Validation of scores of use of inhalation devices: valoration of errors.

OBJECTIVE: To validate two scores quantifying the ability of patients to use metered dose inhalers (MDIs) or dry powder inhalers (DPIs); to identify the most common errors made during their use; and to identify the patients in need of an educational program for the use of these devices. METHODS: This study was conducted in three phases: validation of the reliability of the inhaler technique scores; validation of the contents of the two scores using a convenience sample; and testing for criterion validation and discriminant validation of these instruments in patients who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The convenience sample comprised 16 patients. Interobserver disagreement was found in 19% and 25% of the DPI and MDI scores, respectively. After expert analysis on the subject, the scores were modified and were applied in 72 patients. The most relevant difficulty encountered during the use of both types of devices was the maintenance of total lung capacity after a deep inhalation. The degree of correlation of the scores by observer was 0.97 (p < 0.0001). There was good interobserver agreement in the classification of patients as able/not able to use a DPI (50%/50% and 52%/58%; p < 0.01) and an MDI (49%/51% and 54%/46%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The validated scores allow the identification and correction of inhaler technique errors during consultations and, as a result, improvement in the management of inhalation devices.

Validation of scores of use of inhalation devices: valoration of errors / Validação de escores de uso de dispositivos para inalação: valoração dos erros cometidos

AbstractObjective: To validate two scores quantifying the ability of patients to use metered dose inhalers (MDIs) or dry powder inhalers (DPIs); to identify the most common errors made during their use; and to identify the patients in need of an educational program for the use of these devices.Methods: This study was conducted in three phases: validation of the reliability of the inhaler technique scores; validation of the contents of the two scores using a convenience sample; and testing for criterion validation and discriminant validation of these instruments in patients who met the inclusion criteria.Results: The convenience sample comprised 16 patients. Interobserver disagreement was found in 19% and 25% of the DPI and MDI scores, respectively. After expert analysis on the subject, the scores were modified and were applied in 72 patients. The most relevant difficulty encountered during the use of both types of devices was the maintenance of total lung capacity after a deep inhalation. The degree of correlation of the scores by observer was 0.97 (p < 0.0001). There was good interobserver agreement in the classification of patients as able/not able to use a DPI (50%/50% and 52%/58%; p < 0.01) and an MDI (49%/51% and 54%/46%; p < 0.05).Conclusions: The validated scores allow the identification and correction of inhaler technique errors during consultations and, as a result, improvement in the management of inhalation devices.

ResumoObjetivo: Validar dois escores para medir a habilidade de pacientes em utilizar inaladores pressurizados (IPs) ou inaladores de pó (IPos), verificar os erros mais comuns na sua utilização e identificar os pacientes que necessitam de um programa educacional para o uso desses dispositivos.Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado em três etapas: validação da confiabilidade dos escores de uso dos dispositivos inalatórios; validação do conteúdo dos escores utilizando-se uma amostra de conveniência; e realização de testes para a validação de critério e a validação discriminante desses instrumentos em pacientes que preenchiam os critérios de inclusão do estudo.Resultados: A amostra de conveniência foi composta por 16 pacientes, e houve discordância interobservador em 19% e 25% para os escores de IPo e IP, respectivamente. Após a análise de expertos no assunto, os escores sofreram modificações e foram aplicados em 72 pacientes. A dificuldade mais relevante no uso de ambos os dispositivos foi a manutenção da capacidade pulmonar total após inspiração profunda. O grau de correlação dos escores por observador foi de 0,97 (p < 0,0001). Houve boa concordância interobservador na classificação dos pacientes como aptos/não aptos para uso de IPo (50%/50% e 52%/58%; p < 0,01) e de IP (49%/51% e 54%/46%; p < 0,05).Conclusões: Os escores validados permitem identificar e corrigir os erros da técnica inalatória ao longo das consultas e, em consequência, melhorar o manejo dos dispositivos para inalação.

Conhecimento da enfermeira sobre o transporte intra-hospitalar do paciente crítico / Nurses' knowledge of intra-hospital transport of critical patients / Conocimiento de la enfermera sobre el transporte intrahospitalario de los pacientes en estado crítico

O transporte intra-hospitalar do paciente crítico deve assegurar a preservação das condições clínicas durante o trajeto para o procedimento. O estudo buscou verificar o conhecimento das enfermeiras sobre o transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes críticos e identificar facilidades e dificuldades na realização deste. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, realizada em 2011, com nove enfermeiras da unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital público de Salvador. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, sendo evidenciadas três categorias: a enfermeira no preparo para o transporte do paciente crítico, onde foram relatadas facilidades e dificuldades, a enfermeira no acompanhamento do transporte do paciente crítico e a enfermeira naestabilização após o transporte do paciente crítico. Concluiu-se que a maioria das enfermeiras tem conhecimento sobre o transporte, porém ainda necessita de treinamentos específicos para atuar de forma mais segura.

Intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patients must preserve patient clinical conditions in transit to procedures. This qualitative, descriptive study to ascertain nurses’ knowledge of intra-hospital transport of critically ill patients,and identify whatever facilitated the process or made it more difficult, involved nine nurses working in an intensive care unit of a public hospital in Salvador in 2011. Content analysis revealed three categories: nurses in preparation of the critically ill patient for transportation (were facilities and difficulties were reported); nurses accompanying transportation of critically ill patients; and nurses stabilizing patients after transportation. It was concluded that most nurses are knowledgeable about transportation, although specific training is necessary for them to act more safely.

El transporte intrahospitalario del paciente crítico es una actividad compleja, y debe asegurar a quien es transportado, la preservación de las condiciones clínicas durante el trayecto para el procedimiento. El estudio buscó verificar el preparo de las enfermeras en el transporte intrahospitalario de pacientes críticos e identificar facilidades y dificultades en la realización de este. Pesquisa cualitativa y descriptiva, realizada con nueve enfermeras de unidad de terapia intensiva de un hospital público de Salvador-Ba-Brasil , en el año 2011. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido, siendo evidenciadas tres categorías: la enfermera en el preparo para el transporte de paciente crítico, la enfermera en el acompañamiento del transporte del paciente crítico y la enfermera en la estabilización posterior al transporte del paciente crítico. Se concluyó que la mayoría de las enfermeras tiene conocimiento sobre el transporte, pero aun necesita de entrenamientos específicos para actuar de forma más segura.

Fatores associados ao conhecimento de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos sobre a asma / Factors associated with asthma knowledge among asthmatic children and adolescents

Asma é uma doença respiratória crônica que ocorre frequentemente em escolares e adolescentes, podendo ocasionar redução temporária ou permanente do rendimento escolar. Pode passar despercebida pelos pais e adolescentes, facilitando a ausência de controle e promovendo desfechos desfavoráveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre a doença em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. Revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada, com busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Descritores pesquisados simultaneamente foram asthma, adolescents, children, parents, hospitalization, school health, health education, knowledge e morbidity. Os 13 artigos incluídos relataram avaliação de pacientes asmáticos nas faixas etárias de 6-12 anos e 13-18 anos, com desenhos de estudo do tipo corte transversal, coorte, ensaios clínicos controlados e caso controle. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de conhecimento em asma está associado a crenças, atitudes, nível de escolaridade dos pais, condições socioeconômicas, diagnóstico prévio de asma na família. Fatores como relação dos profissionais de saúde, informações fornecidas sobre asma pelos profissionais de saúde e posse de medicações para resgate e controle da asma também estão diretamente associadas ao conhecimento sobre a doença. O conhecimento sobre a asma influencia na redução do absenteísmo escolar e controle dos sinais e sintomas da doença. Fatores biológicos e socioeconômicos relacionados à enfermidade, presença de atopia na família e acesso ao tratamento podem estar associados ao nível de conhecimento dos asmáticos e seus pais. Estratégias incluindo intervenções escolares para educação em asma são eficazes na melhoria do conhecimento sobre a doença...

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that frequently affects school-age children and adolescentes and may temporarily or permanently affect their academic performance. The disease may go unnoticed by parents and adolescents, facilitating lack of asthma control and unfavorable outcomes. The objective of the present study was to review the literature on factors associated with asthma knowledge among asthmatic children and adolescents. A systematic review of the literature was performed, searching the MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used simultaneously in the search strategy: asthma, adolescents, children, parents, hospitalization, school health, health education, knowledge, and morbidity. The 13 articles included in the review reported on the assessment of asthmatic patients in the 6-12-year and 13-18-year age ranges, with cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies and clinical trials. The results showed that level of asthma knowledge was associated with beliefs, attitudes, parental education level, socioeconomic status, and previous diagnosis of asthma in the family. Factors such as relationship with health care professionals, asthma information provided by health care professionals, and possession of rescue and controller medications were also directly associated with knowledge about the disease. Asthma knowledge was found to have a direct influence on reducing absenteeism in school and controlling signs and symptoms. Biological and socioeconomic factors related to the disease, presence of atopy in the family, and access to treatment may be associated with the level of asthma knowledge among patients and their parents. Strategies such as asthma educational interventions conducted at schools are effective in improving knowledge about the disease...

Comparison between two methods of asthma control evaluation based on individual perception.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the subjective perception of asthma control reported by the patient with that measured by the score obtained on the Asthma Control Questionnaire 6-item version (ACQ-6) in patients with severe asthma and to determine whether asthma control is associated with the number of emergency room visits in the previous month. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 528 patients treated at the Bahia State Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control Program Central Referral Clinic between August of 2008 and March of 2010, in the city of Salvador, Brazil. The patients completed the ACQ-6 and answered a specific additional question in order to evaluate their own perception of asthma control in the previous week. RESULTS: We evaluated 423 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was predominantly female (81.3%), and 64.3% had an income lower than two times the national minimum wage. The mean age was 49.85 ± 13.71 years, and the duration of asthma symptoms was 32.11 ± 16.35 years. The patients had been regularly treated via the program for 36.65 ± 18.10 months. Based on the subjective perception of asthma control, only 8% of the patients considered their asthma to be uncontrolled, whereas 38.8% had an ACQ-6 score > 1.5, which indicates poor control. The kappa statistic revealed poor concordance between the two methods. There was a direct association between uncontrolled asthma and the number of emergency room visits in the previous month (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients, the subjective perception of asthma control differed from that measured by the ACQ-6 score, and the patients overestimated their own level of asthma control, which puts them at risk of being undertreated.

Comparação entre dois métodos de avaliação do controle da asma baseados na percepção individual / Comparison between two methods of asthma control evaluation based on individual perception

OBJETIVO: Comparar a percepção subjetiva do controle da asma informada pelo paciente com aquela obtida por meio do escore do Asthma Control Questionnaire com seis questões (ACQ-6) em pacientes com asma grave e verificar se o controle da asma está associado ao número de visitas a salas de emergência no mês anterior. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 528 pacientes acompanhados na Central de Referência do Programa para Controle da Asma e Rinite Alérgica na Bahia, entre agosto de 2008 e março de 2010, em Salvador (BA). Os pacientes responderam ao ACQ-6 e a uma questão adicional específica para avaliar sua percepção do controle da doença na semana prévia. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 423 pacientes, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A maioria era do gênero feminino (81,3%) e possuía renda familiar menor que dois salários mínimos (64,3%). A média de idade foi de 49,85 ± 13,71 anos, e a duração dos sintomas de asma foi de 32,11 ± 16,35 anos. Os pacientes eram regularmente tratados no programa há 36,65 ± 18,10 meses. Baseados na percepção subjetiva do controle, 8% dos pacientes consideraram a sua asma não controlada, enquanto 38,8% obtiveram escore do ACQ > 1,5, indicando falta de controle. O coeficiente kappa revelou fraca concordância entre os dois métodos. Houve uma associação direta entre falta de controle e número de visitas a emergência no mês anterior (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra de pacientes, a percepção subjetiva do paciente sobre o controle da asma diferiu da medida por meio do ACQ-6, e os pacientes superestimaram seu controle, trazendo risco de subtratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the subjective perception of asthma control reported by the patient with that measured by the score obtained on the Asthma Control Questionnaire 6-item version (ACQ-6) in patients with severe asthma and to determine whether asthma control is associated with the number of emergency room visits in the previous month. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 528 patients treated at the Bahia State Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control Program Central Referral Clinic between August of 2008 and March of 2010, in the city of Salvador, Brazil. The patients completed the ACQ-6 and answered a specific additional question in order to evaluate their own perception of asthma control in the previous week. RESULTS: We evaluated 423 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was predominantly female (81.3%), and 64.3% had an income lower than two times the national minimum wage. The mean age was 49.85 ± 13.71 years, and the duration of asthma symptoms was 32.11 ± 16.35 years. The patients had been regularly treated via the program for 36.65 ± 18.10 months. Based on the subjective perception of asthma control, only 8% of the patients considered their asthma to be uncontrolled, whereas 38.8% had an ACQ-6 score > 1.5, which indicates poor control. The kappa statistic revealed poor concordance between the two methods. There was a direct association between uncontrolled asthma and the number of emergency room visits in the previous month (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients, the subjective perception of asthma control differed from that measured by the ACQ-6 score, and the patients overestimated their own level of asthma control, which puts them at risk of being undertreated.

Manuseio de dispositivos inalatórios e controle da asma em asmáticos graves em um centro de referência em Salvador / Use of inhaler devices and asthma control in severe asthma patients at a referral center in the city of Salvador, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o manuseio dos dispositivos pelos asmáticos graves acompanhados no Programa para o Controle da Asma e Rinite Alérgica na Bahia (ProAR), registrando a frequência dos seus erros em passos essenciais e a relação desses com a falta de controle da asma. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com 467 pacientes em acompanhamento no ProAR, na cidade de Salvador (BA). Os dispositivos avaliados foram inalador dosimetrado (ID), em isolado ou com espaçador, e inalador de pó seco (IPS; Pulvinal® ou Aerolizer®). A avaliação da técnica inalatória foi realizada através de uma lista de verificação, sendo solicitado ao paciente que demonstrasse o uso para que um entrevistador observasse todos os passos realizados. Para a avaliação do controle da asma, utilizou-se o questionário de controle da asma com seis questões. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes demonstrou técnicas inalatórias adequadas no uso dos dispositivos. Poucos erros foram observados na etapa essencial "coordenar disparo e inspiração" no uso de ID isolado e com espaçador (em 5,2 por cento e em 9,1 por cento dos pacientes, respectivamente). No uso de Pulvinal®, 39 por cento dos pacientes não realizaram uma inspiração rápida e profunda, comparados a somente 5,8 por cento no uso de Aerolizer®. Dos pacientes que utilizavam apenas Aerolizer®, 71,3 por cento realizaram adequadamente todos os passos essenciais e estavam controlados. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes desta amostra, os quais eram submetidos a verificações periódicas da técnica inalatória no programa, utilizavam adequadamente os dispositivos. A técnica inalatória adequada está associada ao controle dos sintomas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of inhaler devices by patients with severe asthma treated via the Programa para o Controle da Asma e Rinite Alérgica na Bahia(ProAR, Bahia State Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control Program), recording the frequency of their errors in performing key steps and the relationship between such errors and the lack of asthma control. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 467 patients enrolled in the ProAR in the city of Salvador, Brazil. The devices evaluated were metered dose inhalers (MDIs), with or without a spacer, and dry powder inhalers (DPIs; Pulvinal® or Aerolizer®). For the assessment of the inhalation technique, a checklist was used; the patients were asked to demonstrate the technique so that an interviewer could observe all of the steps performed. For the assessment of asthma control, we used the 6-item asthma control questionnaire. RESULTS: Most of the patients showed appropriate inhalation techniques when using the devices. When using an MDI, few patients made mistakes in the key step of "coordinating activation and inhalation" (5.2 percent and 9.1 percent with and without the use of a spacer, respectively). During Pulvinal® use, 39 percent of the patients did not inhale quickly and deeply, compared with only 5.8 percent during Aerolizer® use. Of the patients that made use of Aerolizer® alone, 71.3 percent appropriately performed all of the essential steps, and their asthma was controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients in this sample, all of whom had been submitted to periodic checks of their inhalation technique (as part of the program), used the devices appropriately. Proper inhalation technique is associated with asthma symptom control.

Use of inhaler devices and asthma control in severe asthma patients at a referral center in the city of Salvador, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of inhaler devices by patients with severe asthma treated via the Programa para o Controle da Asma e Rinite Alérgica na Bahia(ProAR, Bahia State Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control Program), recording the frequency of their errors in performing key steps and the relationship between such errors and the lack of asthma control. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 467 patients enrolled in the ProAR in the city of Salvador, Brazil. The devices evaluated were metered dose inhalers (MDIs), with or without a spacer, and dry powder inhalers (DPIs; Pulvinal® or Aerolizer®). For the assessment of the inhalation technique, a checklist was used; the patients were asked to demonstrate the technique so that an interviewer could observe all of the steps performed. For the assessment of asthma control, we used the 6-item asthma control questionnaire. RESULTS: Most of the patients showed appropriate inhalation techniques when using the devices. When using an MDI, few patients made mistakes in the key step of "coordinating activation and inhalation" (5.2% and 9.1% with and without the use of a spacer, respectively). During Pulvinal® use, 39% of the patients did not inhale quickly and deeply, compared with only 5.8% during Aerolizer® use. Of the patients that made use of Aerolizer® alone, 71.3% appropriately performed all of the essential steps, and their asthma was controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients in this sample, all of whom had been submitted to periodic checks of their inhalation technique (as part of the program), used the devices appropriately. Proper inhalation technique is associated with asthma symptom control.